Rosh Hashanah 26

Chapter 26

א אל תקרי לשלש אלא לשליש

1 read not lishlosh [for three], but lishlish [to a third].1 But this text is required for its literal meaning?2

ב והא מיבעי ליה לגופיה כתיב קרא אחרינא (ויקרא כה, כב) וזרעתם את השנה השמינית ואכלתם מן התבואה ישן עד השנה התשיעית

2 It is written in another verse, And ye shall sow for the eighth year and eat of the produce, the old store, until the ninth year.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 22. This shows that the produce of the sixth year will last three years, and therefore the other verse is not required to tell us this and may be used for a deduction.');">3 We have learnt elsewhere:4

ג תנן התם האורז והדוחן והפרגין והשומשמין שהשרישו לפני ר"ה מתעשרין לשעבר ומותרין בשביעית ואם לאו אסורין בשביעית ומתעשרין לשנה הבאה

3 'Rice, millet, hanie5 and sesame,6

ד אמר רבה אמור רבנן אילן בתר חנטה תבואה וזיתים בתר שליש ירק בתר לקיטה הני כמאן שוינהו רבנן

4 if they have taken root by New Year, are for purposes of tithe counted7 as belonging to the year before [the New Year],8

ה הדר אמר רבה מתוך שעשויין פרכין פרכין אזלי רבנן בתר השרשה

5 and are permitted in the seventh year.9 Otherwise they are forbidden in the seventh year,9

ו א"ל אביי ויצבור גורנו לתוכו ונמצא תורם מן החדש שבו על החדש שבו מן הישן שבו על הישן שבו

6 and are reckoned for tithe as belonging to the next year.10 Rabbah said: The Rabbis have laid down that [the tithe year of] a tree is determined by its blossoming, that of produce and olives by their becoming a third grown, that of vegetables by their ingathering.

ז מי לא תניא רבי יוסי בן כיפר אמר משום ר"ש שזורי פול המצרי שזרעו לזרע מקצתו השריש לפני ר"ה ומקצתו השריש לאחר ר"ה אין תורמין ומעשרין מזה על זה לפי שאין תורמין ומעשרין לא מן החדש על הישן ולא מן הישן על החדש

7 In which class have these been placed by the Rabbis? - Rabbah answered himself by saying: Since they are gathered for shelling as required,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., some before New Year and some after. [The phrase is difficult. Rashi renders: They (their gathering) are made (as ihdrp they are needed) for shelling. R. Hananel reads ('beds') and renders, They ripen (at different times) in different beds, even though they may 'take' at the same time].');">11 the Rabbis made the taking root the determining factor.12

ח כיצד הוא עושה צובר גורנו לתוכו ונמצא תורם ומעשר מן החדש שבו על החדש שבו ומן הישן שבו על הישן שבו

8 Said Abaye to him: Can he not collect the whole crop in a heap,13 so that ex post facto he will have set aside from the new crop in it for the new crop in it, and from the old crop in it for the old crop?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Abaye holds that if the whole crops old and new, is well mixed together, then when he sets aside terumah and tithe from it, the proportion of old and new in the terumah and tithe will be the same as the proportion of old and new in the whole crop.');">14

ט א"ל ר"ש שזורי קאמרת ר"ש שזורי סבר יש בילה

9 Has it not been taught:15 R'Jose B'Kippar says in the name of R'Simeon Shezuri: If Egyptian beans have been sown for seed and part takes root before New Year and part after, terumah and tithe must not be given from one lot for another, because terumah and tithe are not given from the new for the old nor from the old for the new.

י ורבנן סברי אין בילה

10 How then is one to manage? He collects the whole crop in a heap, so that in the end he gives terumah and tithe from the new crop in the heap for the new crop in the heap, and from the old crop in the heap for the old crop in the heap! - He replied to him: You cite R'Simeon Shezuri.

יא א"ר יצחק בר נחמני אמר שמואל הלכה כרבי יוסי בן כיפר שאמר משום ר"ש שזורי מתקיף לה רבי זירא ומי אמר שמואל הכי והאמר שמואל לכל אין בילה חוץ מיין ושמן

11 R'Simeon Shezuri held that mixing can be relied on,16 whereas the Rabbis held that mixing cannot be relied on.

יב אשתמיטתיה הא דאמר שמואל הכל הולך אחר גמר פרי

12 R'Isaac B'Nahmani said in the name of Samuel: The halachah follows the ruling given by R'Jose B'Kippar in the name of R'Simeon Shezuri. R'Zera strongly demurred to this. Did Samuel, he asked, really say this? Has not Samuel said: Mixing is not relied on for anything save wine and oil? - R'Zera overlooked the following dictum of Samuel: The determining factor is in all cases the full ripening.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore in fact tithe is given from Egyptian beans all together, whether they took root in the outgoing or in the incoming year, which is as R. Simeon Shezuri said, in so far that the two crops can be tithed together, although according to each for a different reason. For on the view of Samuel the whole is regarded as belonging to the incoming year, which is not what R. Simeon said.');">17

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